小升初英语知识:语法知识

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  英语对于多数孩子都不算难题,听说都非常厉害!但目前小升初英语的考试不会考查咱孩子听与说的能力,更注重语法知识的考查,所以相对而言语法弱的孩子,迎战小升初会比较拉分。下面是小阅汇总的小升初语法的知识!35M阅下文库

  小升初英语知识:语法知识35M阅下文库

  一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格35M阅下文库

  (一)名词单复数35M阅下文库

  1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds35M阅下文库

  2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches35M阅下文库

  3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries35M阅下文库

  4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives35M阅下文库

  5.不规则名词复数:35M阅下文库

  man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice35M阅下文库

  child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese35M阅下文库

  不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea35M阅下文库

  (二)名词的格35M阅下文库

  (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:35M阅下文库

  a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt35M阅下文库

  b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags35M阅下文库

  c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes35M阅下文库

  ? 并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:35M阅下文库

  Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车35M阅下文库

  ? 要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s35M阅下文库

  Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车35M阅下文库

  (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:35M阅下文库

  a picture of the classroom a map of China35M阅下文库

  二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:35M阅下文库

  (1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle35M阅下文库

  元音开头的可数名词前用an :35M阅下文库

  an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /35M阅下文库

  an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an35M阅下文库

  exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /35M阅下文库

  (2)定冠词:the the egg the plane35M阅下文库

  2. 用法:35M阅下文库

  定冠词的用法:35M阅下文库

  (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.35M阅下文库

  (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.35M阅下文库

  (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.35M阅下文库

  (4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.35M阅下文库

  (5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening35M阅下文库

  不用冠词的情况:35M阅下文库

  (1)专有名词前:China is a big country.35M阅下文库

  (2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:35M阅下文库

  This is my baseball.35M阅下文库

  (3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.35M阅下文库

  (4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.35M阅下文库

  (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.35M阅下文库

  (6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.35M阅下文库

  * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.35M阅下文库

  (7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.35M阅下文库

  (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.35M阅下文库

  (9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus35M阅下文库

  三、代词:人称代词,物主代词35M阅下文库

  人称代词 物主代词35M阅下文库

  主格 宾格35M阅下文库

  第一35M阅下文库

  人称 单数 I(我) me my(我的)35M阅下文库

  复数 we(我们) us our(我们的)35M阅下文库

  第二35M阅下文库

  人称 单数 you(你) you your(你的)35M阅下文库

  复数 you(你们) you your(你们的)35M阅下文库

  第三35M阅下文库

  人称 单数 he(他) him his(他的)35M阅下文库

  she(她) her her(她的)35M阅下文库

  it(它) it its(它的)35M阅下文库

  复数 they(他们/她们/它们) them their(他们的/她们的/它们的)35M阅下文库

  四、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级35M阅下文库

  (一)、形容词的比较级35M阅下文库

  1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a35M阅下文库

  little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。35M阅下文库

  2.形容词加er的规则:35M阅下文库

  ⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;35M阅下文库

  ⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;35M阅下文库

  ⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;35M阅下文库

  ⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。35M阅下文库

  3.不规则形容词比较级:35M阅下文库

  good-better, beautiful-more beautiful35M阅下文库

  (二)副词的比较级35M阅下文库

  1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)35M阅下文库

  ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后35M阅下文库

  ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后35M阅下文库

  2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)35M阅下文库

  五 数词:基数词,序数词一、基数词35M阅下文库

  (1)1-2035M阅下文库

  one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,35M阅下文库

  sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty35M阅下文库

  (2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。35M阅下文库

  23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→35M阅下文库

  eighty-nine,91→ninety-one35M阅下文库

  (3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;35M阅下文库

  586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three35M阅下文库

  (4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“35M阅下文库

  ,”前为billion35M阅下文库

  1,001→one thousand and one35M阅下文库

  18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three35M阅下文库

  6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine35M阅下文库

  750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion35M阅下文库

  二、序数词35M阅下文库

  (1)一般在基数词后加th35M阅下文库

  eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth35M阅下文库

  (2)不规则变化35M阅下文库

  one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth35M阅下文库

  (3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th35M阅下文库

  twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth35M阅下文库

  (4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。35M阅下文库

  twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth35M阅下文库

  基数词转为序数词的口诀:35M阅下文库

  基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.35M阅下文库

  一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.35M阅下文库

  八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。35M阅下文库

  ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.35M阅下文库

  若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。35M阅下文库

  六、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等35M阅下文库

  1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。35M阅下文库

  at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)35M阅下文库

  2.on35M阅下文库

  1)表示具体日期。35M阅下文库

  注:(1)关于“在周末”的几种表示法:35M阅下文库

  at(on)the weekend在周末---特指35M阅下文库

  at(on)weekends在周末---泛指35M阅下文库

  over the weekend在整个周末35M阅下文库

  during the weekend在周末期间35M阅下文库

  (2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas35M阅下文库

  2)在(刚……)的时候。35M阅下文库

  On reaching the city he called up his parents.35M阅下文库

  一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。35M阅下文库

  3.in35M阅下文库

  1)表示“时段”、“时期”,在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December,35M阅下文库

  the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)35M阅下文库

  七、动词:动词的四种时态:35M阅下文库

  (1)一般现在时:35M阅下文库

  一般现在时的构成35M阅下文库

  1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。35M阅下文库

  2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。35M阅下文库

  当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。35M阅下文库

  动词+s的变化规则35M阅下文库

  1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks35M阅下文库

  2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes35M阅下文库

  3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies35M阅下文库

  (2)一般过去时:35M阅下文库

  动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:35M阅下文库

  A、规则动词35M阅下文库

  ① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked , learned , cleaned , visited35M阅下文库

  ②以e结尾的动词直接加d:如lived , danced , used35M阅下文库

  ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study – studied carry – carried worry –35M阅下文库

  worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)35M阅下文库

  ④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped35M阅下文库

  B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,35M阅下文库

  see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read35M阅下文库

  ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,35M阅下文库

  are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose35M阅下文库

  – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt35M阅下文库

  (3)一般将来时:35M阅下文库

  基本结构: ①be going to + do;35M阅下文库

  ②will+ do. be going to = will35M阅下文库

  I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.35M阅下文库

  (4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词35M阅下文库

  动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:35M阅下文库

  ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating35M阅下文库

  ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing35M阅下文库

  ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting35M阅下文库

  第三部分:句法35M阅下文库

  1.陈述句35M阅下文库

  (1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.35M阅下文库

  There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.35M阅下文库

  (2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.35M阅下文库

  He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.35M阅下文库

  He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.35M阅下文库

  2. 疑问句35M阅下文库

  一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。35M阅下文库

  特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该35M阅下文库

  问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。35M阅下文库

  3.There be句型35M阅下文库

  There be 句型与have, has的区别35M阅下文库

  1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)x kb 1.c om35M阅下文库

  2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动35M阅下文库

  词的那个名词决定。35M阅下文库

  3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。35M阅下文库

  4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。35M阅下文库

  5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。35M阅下文库

  6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。35M阅下文库

  7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:35M阅下文库

  How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?35M阅下文库

  How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?35M阅下文库

  8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:35M阅下文库

  What’s + 介词短语?35M阅下文库

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